Base64 is a data encoding method that converts any type of binary file into an ASCII text string. This text string consists of characters that are easily readable by humans, allowing data to be transmitted securely over insecure channels. The Base64 encoding process converts binary data into a text string consisting of ASCII characters, which can be sent through any communication channel. To decode the data, a decoding algorithm is used to convert the Base64 text string back into the original binary data.